In addition, recent scholarship on foreign policy decision making resulting in violent interstate conflict goes in two very different and possibly incompatible directions. Third, examining low-level militarized conflict helps avoid, or at least helps to minimize, selection effects. The second reason for is that wars typically begin as nonviolent disagreements over contentious issues. First, it increases the number of observations for empirical analysis. In this vein, examining lower-level violent conflict offers three immediate benefits. Interstate war is increasingly viewed as the outcome of a complex decision-making process rather than of a single policy choice that commits a nation from peace to war. An understanding of armed conflict short of war is essential if the international community hopes to prevent conflict escalation and contagion. Studying the initial steps of the militarized conflict process may help to better uncover regularized patterns that produce dangerous encounters and decision processes in world politics.
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